The Issue Of Gender Discrimination - 1412 Words

To look into the issue of gender discrimination in both Australia and China. 1.2 Parameters To investigate the problem of gender inequality involving workplace discrimination and domestic violence in Australia and China. This report will include words for about 2000 and will be divided into 4 sections. 1.3 Definitions Gender inequality can be defined as allowing people having different opportunities due to perceived differences based solely on issues of gender. In the meantime, the prejudicial treatment of an individual or group due to gender can be called as gender discrimination. (Parziale n.d.) 1.4 Thesis The people in both China and Australia and their government must pay attention to this serious social problem, and working together to improve it. 2. BACKGROUND TO THE ISSUE: Gender inequality and discrimination are generally discussed towards women (Parziale n.d.), and this report will mainly discuss it this way. But actually, in anyone’s daily life, they will have a chance to experience gender inequality or discrimination. 2.1 Global Context As the world comes into the twenty-second century, women with a full-time job still earn 77% of their male counterparts’ earning, even if they have the exactly same education background. Also, 4/5 victims of human trafficking chose women as the target. On the worldwide average, 30% of women who have been in a relationship report that they experienced some form of sexual violence before, which was done byShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination: A Global Issue1277 Words   |  6 Pagescommon examples of gender discrimination. Gender discrimination, also known as sexism, is the unjust treatment of either males or females. The most common form of gender discrimination, as shown in the example above, is discrimination against women. The continuation of discrimination against women will be harmful to society considering it will be easy to fall back into old traditions. Gender is such a general trait that discrimination towards women could lead to discrimination of other traits, theRe ad MoreGender Discrimination : An Ethical Problem Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Gender Discrimination is a type of discrimination where basing on a particular person’s gender (or) sex a person is discriminated, majorly this type of discrimination is faced by women and girls. In this globalized world, where interaction between two individuals became easy as seams of finger touch and where we always debate, speak about the equality rights for men and women, we still see many instances of many individuals being discriminated based on the gender difference. This paperRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Role Of Education996 Words   |  4 Pagesof Research: Gender Discrimination and the Role of Education to overcome it The objective of this study is to comprehend the circumstances and end results of gender discrimination in the working environment and to recommend solutions for evacuating this practice through instruction is the target of this examination proposition. Gender discrimination is tended to by all countries of the world. The created countries have overcome it by receiving a few means. In immature nations like Pakistan, despiteRead MoreGender Discrimination : A Root Of Gender Roles And Preconceived Labels Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesGender Discrimination: A Root of Gender Roles And Preconceived labels The sociological definition of the word gender: The extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine. In the American society more people are starting to be aware of issues perceived with gender. Combined with all the current events that we are facing today, this topic is being discussed more than ever. Currently there is a multitude of perceptions about each gender, most start with the idea of gender typingRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace962 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Santisha Fleming Human Resource Management Dr.Juluis Demps –Management 360 Jacksonville University April, 1, 2015â€Æ' American women can vote, hold office, and they can work in a public work environment. They are considered have an equal opportunity when compared to men. What is the true definition of equal employment opportunity? Does this mean that women and men are offered the same opportunities in the workplace? As well treated equally in regardsRead MoreSummary Of Looking For Alibrandi By Goria Steinem1077 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"A gender-equal society would be one where the word â€Å"gender† does not exist: where everyone can be themselves. â€Å"said by Goria Steinem. I disagree with Steinem’s statement in relation to gender equality in contemporary Australia. In this essay, three arguments would be addressed, which directly referred to Melina Marchetta’s 1992 novel, Looking for Alibrandi that enacted a story of a teenage girl who had to face difficulties in the society and fight with the original Australians as she was an illegitimateRead MoreGender Discrimina tion And Equal Employment Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesGender Discrimination and Equal Employment Introduction Discrimination has existed since the beginning of time. Often time people discriminate upon individuals unintentionally, because of certain stereotypes that have associated with race, gender, and religion. The First Amendment of the United States gives each individual the freedom of not only religion, but expression, and speech. Yet, despite the many historic and recent efforts gender discrimination and inequality is still a major issue inRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Responsibilities1116 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles and gender division in biological perspectives were an issue in global societies. Even in today’s societies depending on the geographical areas around the world, gender roles are socially divided. However other geographic countries completely equal, such as Iceland. Laws such as a third gender option at birth, then decision followed by the child. The third gender option would be judged negatively in some other geographic parts of our globally social socie ties. What kind of impact doRead MoreWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think of discrimination, they tend to think back to older times of slavery, racism, and an underdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in manyRead MoreGender, Sexual Orientation And Education1746 Words   |  7 Pagesaround a number of issues that revolve around gender, religion, sexual orientation and education. These divides have created an un-opened minded society that judge people and groups based on the prejudices and stereotypes that treat them differently. In the aspect of identity disc rimination, American society plays a big role in keeping those that are different isolated from the rest of the world. Today’s society suffers huge from a spectrum that focuses power on discrimination. In this spectrum,

The Cuban Missile Crisis as the Turning Point in Relations...

The Cuban Missile Crisis as the Turning Point in Relations Between the Superpowers The Cuban Missile crisis is recognised by the entire world to have been one of the most dangerously fragile points in the history of conflicts between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Surely after it was over, after the US and USSR had realized they had nearly thrown the world into nuclear war, after an event that could ultimately have spelt the planets doom, changes were bound to be made in order to stop anything like the missile crisis from happening again in both the near and far future. So, what steps were taken by the superpowers that would ensure the worlds safety from then on? And more†¦show more content†¦It was decided that a telephone hotline was required that would link the White House and the Kremlin; it was installed in August of 1963. It would enable leaders to discuss problems before they reached a dangerous level. It had its other benefits as well, it should not be forgotten that the two sides had only just avoided war and therefore it was clear neither really trusted the other. The hotline would automatically allow leaders to tell each others moods and to an extent thought track, perhaps pick up where the other was possibly bluffing or enthusiastic about an idea. None of this could be drawn out of the letters that were sent in the time of the missile crisis. The introduction of the hotline in itself was a turning point in relations between the US and USSR for it had enabled the two leaders of the superpowers of the world, to talk to each other in a one to one conversation, and thoroughly discuss any subject matters that would possibly affect both countries. Also the hotline did allow the two sides to gain a degree of trust between each other, however small an amount of trust that was, the fact is it was still there, and was a huge improvementShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis as a Turning Point in USA and USSR Essays1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis as a Turning Point in USA and USSR The Cuban Missile Crisis was indeed a turning point in USA and Soviet relations during the Cold War. The event stands in history as one that nearly brought humanity to the brink of destruction and is known as perhaps the single greatest political battle between the two superpowers, the world has ever seen. It also started a dà ©tente that which instigated an end to the arms race between the two nations. FollowingRead MoreThe Relationship of USA and Russia: Cubas Negative Impact Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesThe Relationship of USA and Russia: Cubas Negative Impact The relationship between the two superpowers of USA and Russia worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1963 because of Castro’s revolution in Cuba. This increased tensions between the two superpowers, as Castro was a Marxist who had overthrown Batista who was a pro America dictator. This angered America as now they had a communist country right next to them. America did not want communism to spread outRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cuban Missile Crisis1978 Words   |  8 PagesAccount for the disharmony between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cuban missile crisis. The occurrence of the Cuban missile crisis remains the closest the world has ever come to nuclear war. The placement of Soviet nuclear weaponry on the island of Cuba in October 1962, sparked thirteen days in which the Cold war grew increasingly hotter as tensions between the two superpowers escalated. However, despite marking a turning point in US-Soviet relations it could be argued that OperationRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Was A Key Part Of The Cold War2751 Words   |  12 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a key part of the Cold War, and one which major scholars and historians see as the closest the world has come to thermonuclear war. This has made it one of the most documented events of the Cold War, with journal entries, books and films being made about the defining thirteen day period, each giving a unique perspective and overview of the crisis. The fact that both the United States and the Soviet Union managed to avoid the use of nuclear weapons is seen by many as aRead MoreThe Cuban Crisis During The Cold War1935 Words   |  8 PagesThe Cuban Crisis was a significant key turning point in USA and USSR relations during the Cold War. Historians pin down this event as the most intensified proxy war in the history of mankind, which nearly trigged a Nuclear War. On the one hand, a dà ©tente began to put an end to the arms race. But, it was also a time of epiphany as the superpower leaders noticed their unwise behaviour could have led to a nuclear war. This in return, made Kennedy and Khrushchev show mutual respect for each other reoccurringRead MoreWas Korea a Turning Point in the Civil War?716 Words   |  3 PagesKorean War a turning point in the Civil War? The Korean War was thus a turning point in the development of the Cold War in that it marked a shift in the focal point in the development of tensions, from Europe to East Asia, with many indirect conflicts being largely confined to Europe. The Korean War was the first time that communism and capitalism were to fight against each other. It was hence a turning point in the development of the Cold War — instead of tensions developing between the two countriesRead MoreKennedy and Khrushchev Essay2085 Words   |  9 PagesLeslie Gilbert Illingworth depicted JFK and Soviet Premier Khrushchev in a cartoon published in the popular newspaper The Daily Mail during the apex of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The cartoon was a symbol of hostile U.S.-Soviet relations amid nuclear rearmament in Cuba and Latin America. The cartoon symbolized a bitter rivalry among two superpower nations teetering on the brink of nuclear war. As the growing conflict of the Cold War threatened the world, J FK represented the capitalistic and democraticRead MoreThe Relations of the Superpowers Between 1945 and 1959 Essay2302 Words   |  10 PagesThe Relations of the Superpowers Between 1945 and 1959 The conflict of World War II against the Nazi Germany brought the Allied Nations, United States of America, England and the Soviet Union together to fight side by side. During the period of 1945 and 1959 these â€Å"Superpowers† were constantly trying to undermine each other. This alliance soon took its course to break down after bitter hatred against one another with the threat of thermalRead MoreThe Great War Of The United States1883 Words   |  8 Pagesthe conflicts of other western powers. They considered themselves a ‘City on the Hill’, an example to the rest of the world of stability and democracy. The large Navy ensured security of the North American continent and the small professional army, points to the overwhelmingly defensive front they put on. Washington adopted an isolationist policy with regards to Europe, remaining aloof from the entanglement of European rivalries, tensions and alliances. However American leaders sought to extend controlRead MoreThe Between 1879 And 19801833 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the period between 1879 and 1980 the relationships between the powers changed greatly in their nature, coinciding with a shift in the balance of power. The Entente Cordiale of 1904 can certainly be seen as a key turning point, along with other factors such as Neville Chamberlain’ s policy of appeasement, the Cuban Missile Crisis and the SALT I and II agreements. The signing of the Entente Cordiale in 1904 epitomised the ever-growing division on the European stage in the early 1900s, and

PTSD Essay Example For Students

PTSD Essay Anyone can develop anxiety from experience and then from this they illness they form is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Essay)once called shell shock. It affects hundreds of thousands of people who have survived earthquakes, airplane crashes, terrorist bombings, inner-city violence, domestic abuse, rape, war, genocide, and other disasters, both natural and human made. PTSD has been called shell shock or battle fatigue syndrome. It has often been misunderstood or misdiagnosed, even though the disorder has very specific symptoms. Most people who end up forming this disorder have it for the rest of their lives unless medicated or overcome their anxiety, they will never get rid of it. Ten percent of the population has been affected at some point by clinically diagnosable PTSD. Everyday more people show some symptoms of the disorder. Although it was once thought to be mostly a disorder of war veterans who had been involved in heavy combat, researchers now know that PTSD also affects both female and male civilians, and that it strikes more females than males. In some cases the symptoms of PTSD disappear with time, whereas in others they persist for many years. PTSD often occurs with, or leads, to other psychiatric illnesses, such as depression. Everyone who experiences trauma does not require treatment; some recover with the help of family, friends, or religion. But many do need professional treatment to recover from the psychological damage that can result from experiencing, witnessing, or participating in an overwhelmingly traumatic event. The symptoms of PTSD usually PTSD usually appears within 3 months of the trauma, but sometimes the disorder appears later. PTSDs symptoms fall into three categories, Intrusion, Avoidance and Hyperarousal. Intrusion is a flashback the victim has when they relive the traumatic experience. This happens in sudden, vivid memories that are accompanied by painful emotions that take over the victims attention. This re-experience, or flashback, of the trauma is a recollection. It may be so strong that individuals almost feel like they are actually experiencing the trauma again or seeing it unfold before their eyes and in nightmares. Avoidance is when the person with PTSD starts to affect their relationship with others. The inability of people with PTSD to work out grief and anger over injury or loss during the traumatic event means the trauma can continue to affect their behavior without their being aware of it. Depression is a common product of this inability to resolve painful feelings. Some people also feel guilty because they survived a disaster while others, particularly friends or family, did not. Hyperarousal is when they can become suddenly irritable or explosive, even when they are not provoked. They may have trouble concentrating or remembering current information, and, because of their terrifying nightmares, they may develop insomnia. This constant feeling that danger is near causes exaggerated startle reactions. Finally, many people with PTSD also attempt to rid themselves of their painful re-experiences, loneliness, and panic attacks by abusing alcohol or other drugs as a self-medication that helps them to blunt their pain and forget the trauma temporarily. A person with PTSD may show poor control over his or her impulses and may be at risk for suicide. Today, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals have good success in treating the very real and painful effects of PTSD. These professionals use a variety of treatment methods to help people with PTSD to work through their trauma and pain. Behavior therapy focuses on correcting the painful and intrusive patterns of behavior and thought by teaching people with PTSD relaxation techniques and examining (and challenging) the mental processes that are causing the problem. Psychodynamic psychotherapy focuses on helping the individual examine personal values and how behavior and experience during the traumatic event affected them. Family therapy may also be recommended because the behavior of spouse and children may result from and affect the individual with PTSD. Discussion groups or peer-counseling groups encourage survivors of similar traumatic events to share their experiences and reactions to them. Group members help one another realize that many people would have done the same thing and felt the same emotions. And lastly, medication can help to control the symptoms of PTSD. .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 , .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .postImageUrl , .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 , .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89:hover , .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89:visited , .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89:active { border:0!important; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89:active , .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89 .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a0c3e9610398114c453d8030cd54c89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Language Acquisition-Outline the Main Stages of Child Language Development Essay The symptom relief that medication provides allows most patients to participate .

Pre and Post Operative Management of ORIF for Orthopaedics

Question: Discuss about thePre and Post Operative Management of ORIF for Orthopaedics. Answer: Introduction: One of the most complicated surgeries belonging to the sector of the orthopaedics is considered to be the open reduction internal fixation. Internal fixation can be defined as an orthopaedic operation that involves a surgical implant procedure that serves the purpose of repairing bone fractures. Internal fixation is a surgical phenomenon that can be aged back to the late 19th centuries, it has advanced considerably. There are different variations of internal fixation surgeries available nowadays. One of the most common and most abundantly used variations is the open reduction internal fixation surgery or ORIF (Assal, Ray Stern, 2015). Open reduction internal fixation surgery is nothing but a open surgery to set not just place the implant but also set the bone in the right alignment with it; which is required in case of some fractures, such as displaced fracture or comminuted fractures. However, the entire surgical procedure is meticulous and precise, involving intricate steps and hence, there are various risk factors associated with it as well like infection, loss of mobility range, mal-union, muscular damage, bacterial colonization of the bone, and many more. Hence a specialized and well articulated patient centred preoperative and post operative management is an absolute prerequisite for a successful ORIF surgery (Backes et al., 2014). This assignment will focus on stringing together an apt pre operative and post operative management plan for a patient undergoing ORIF surgery taking the example of a case study; the case study represents a condition where the patient is in need for a ORIF in the right tibia and fibula due to a motor bike crash. Pre-operative management: The open reduction internal fixation surgery utilizes different equipments and interventions and is undoubtedly a very complex and there are several precautionary measures that are needed to be taken while preparing a patient for the surgery. The very first and foremost consideration in case of any treatment procedure is patient education and obtaining consent from the patient. Hence, the patient will be required to be informed about the entire procedure, the medication used, the implant used, the precaution, and the possible side effects of the ORIF surgery. Along with that, the legal framework for safe and patient centred care would also require taking informed consent from the patient or any member of the family before proceeding with the surgical procedures (Basques et al., 2015). Followed by that, a few preoperative tests will need to be performed in order to check the suitability of the patient before going forward with the surgery, so that there is no probable risk for any perioperative complication or mortality. Firstly the risk for cardiac arrest during a complicated surgery is the highest; hence a few tests will need to be performed like BUN/Cr, CXR, and EKG. Along with that, the possibility of the patient haemophilia, renal or hepatitic diseases will also need to be tested that can increase the risk of patient succumbing to pulmonary complicatiosn or other perioperative mortalities (Chalmers et al., 2014). The radiographic imaging or CT scan of the fractured right tibia and fibula will also be required to check the exact position and severity of the broken bones. In case of the medication needed as a part of preoperative management and preparation of the patient, a few perioperative antibiotics will need to be administered such as Cefazolin or Cefuroxim in order to avoid the chances of the patient acquiring surgical site infection or bacterial colonization of the bone during or after the surgery (Chen et al., 2014). Before the commencement of the surgery, the patient will need to be administered anaesthesia, either a general anaesthesia that will help the patient sleep though the entire surgical procedure. Or the patient can be administered a local anaesthesia, the choice of anaesthesia will depend entirely upon the severity of the fracture and past medical history of the patient. The wound site will also need to be cleaned aseptically, and the vital signs of the patient will need to be monitored throughout, specifically the heart rate and the blood pressure of the patient. It is very common for patients to feel anxious prior to a complicated surgery and that will be reflected as the high heart rate and blood pressure which can increase the risk for peri- operative complications like seizure, panic attack and myocardial infarction. Hence the patient needs to be made comfortable and relaxed, all the while being counselled throughout so that he is reassured and relaxed throughout the surgery. A mild relaxation medication can also be administered if the condition of the patient demands (Jiang et al., 2014). Post operative management: Open reduction internal fixation surgeries are undoubtedly one of the best options for treating communited fractures, however there are a myriad of post operative complication that follows an open reduction internal fixation surgery. Some example of the post operative complications include risk for infection, bacterial colonization of the bone, incision site bleeding, nerve damage, bone misalignment, restricted mobility, bone damage or skin irritation due implant material, and many more. Therefore, the need for adequate post operative management is crucial for speedy recovery for the patient (Leroux et al., 2014). In case of any surgery, pain management is one of the first course of action needed to be taken; it needs to be mentioned in this context that pain medication needs to be administered to the patient during the surgery and after the surgery as well. as the effects of these analgesics wear off within 8 to 12 hours, hence, in most cases the patients require the aid of narcotic pain medication, preferably for a short period of time. In case the patient feels more pain when the swelling peaks, administering narcotic pain medication like Percocet, Norco or Vicoden, administered for a small amount of time will help in better management of the pain. Although these pain medications have significant side effects like nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and constipation, hence these issues also need to be addressed while administering narcotic pain medication to the patient. In case of extreme pin and swelling periodic icing can also prove to be extremely helpful (Lin et al., 2014). Another very important element of post operative management can be considered the infection control, and there are a few steps of an optimal aseptic wound management, associated with it. Taking the wound care into consideration, after the surgery is completed, the wound needs to be covered with sterilized gauze and be placed inside a plaster splint. In case of excessive bleeding, the cast needs to be changed and the wound needs to be dressed again taking extreme caution to avoid contamination. In some cases the chances of blood clotting right after the surgery is seen, in such cases the patient will need to take a blood thinner for a short period of time right after the surgery (Smith, Stone Furey, 2016). Another complication that is frequently encountered in case of ORIF or any other surgical treatment for fracture is the misaligned regrowth of bones; in order to avoid the occurrence of a misaligned growth of bones for the patient under consideration in the assignment, a few intervention techniques can be implemented. For instance, early weight bearing can be one intervention technique that will help the casting for any incidence of delayed or late union. Another highly beneficial intervention technique can be the bone stimulation technique, which functions by delivering electromagnetic waves to stimulate bone alignment. There is some medication available for treating the mal- alignment or delayed alignment of the bone such as teriparatide, especially for the patent that have osteoporosis (van Dreumel et al., 2015). After a bone restructuring surgery, it is very common for the patient to experience mobility restriction, while the discomfort to some extent is physical; the fear to movement is the most contributing factor behind it. After 3-4 days of the surgery, the patient should be encouraged to elevate the operated leg to the chest whenever he is comfortable to decrease and retain mobility of the leg. As the patient continues to progress and the swelling is reduced the patent should be encouraged and assisted to walk as well, so that mobility restriction or anxiety does not develop. Lastly, diet is also a significant part of a post operative management, right after the surgery the patient might feel nauseated due to the side effects of the anaesthetics, in such cases the patient should remain on light, liquid diet. Slowly the patient should be moved to protein and mineral rich diet, and in order to boost elevated bone growth, food rich in calcium and vitamin D is preferred (Xia et al., 2014). Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be said that the patient undergoing a internal fixation open reduction surgery will require a highly specialized and customized care plan. Hence the care planning and management must take into consideration all the specific factors related to the health of the patient and past medical complications. ORIF is a very common surgical intervention technique, which is opted in all situations where the patient suffers a communited fracture. And with proper pre and post operative management, this surgical intervention has proved to yield the best results for treatment of severe fractures. References: Assal, M., Ray, A., Stern, R. (2015). Strategies for surgical approaches in open reduction internal fixation of pilon fractures. Journal of orthopaedic trauma, 29(2), 69-79. Backes, M., Schepers, T., Beerekamp, M. S. H., Luitse, J. S., Goslings, J. C., Schep, N. W. (2014). Wound infections following open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures with an extended lateral approach. International orthopaedics, 38(4), 767-773. Basques, B. A., Miller, C. P., Golinvaux, N. S., Bohl, D. D., Grauer, J. N. (2015). Morbidity and readmission after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures are associated with preoperative patient characteristics. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 473(3), 1133-1139. Chalmers, P. N., Slikker, W., Mall, N. A., Gupta, A. K., Rahman, Z., Enriquez, D., Nicholson, G. P. (2014). Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humeral fracture: comparison to open reductioninternal fixation and hemiarthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 23(2), 197-204. Chen, H. W., Liu, G. D., Ou, S., Zhao, G. S., Pan, J., Wu, L. J. (2014). Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Posterolateral Tibial Plateau Fractures Through Fibula OsteotomyFree Posterolateral Approach. Journal of orthopaedic trauma, 28(9), 513-517. Jiang, J. J., Phillips, C. S., Levitz, S. P., Benson, L. S. (2014). Risk factors for complications following open reduction internal fixation of distal radius fractures. The Journal of hand surgery, 39(12), 2365-2372. Leroux, T., Wasserstein, D., Henry, P., Khoshbin, A., Dwyer, T., Ogilvie-Harris, D., ... Veillette, C. (2014). Rate of and risk factors for reoperations after open reduction and internal fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada. JBJS, 96(13), 1119-1125. Lin, T., Xiao, B., Ma, X., Fu, D., Yang, S. (2014). Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis with a locking compression plate is superior to open reduction and internal fixation in the management of the proximal humerus fractures. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 15(1), 206. Smith, N., Stone, C., Furey, A. (2016). Does open reduction and internal fixation versus primary arthrodesis improve patient outcomes for Lisfranc trauma? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 474(6), 1445-1452. van Dreumel, R. L. M., van Wunnik, B. P. W., Janssen, L., Simons, P. C. G., Janzing, H. M. J. (2015). Mid-to long-term functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Injury, 46(8), 1608-1612. Xia, S., Lu, Y., Wang, H., Wu, Z., Wang, Z. (2014). Open reduction and internal fixation with conventional plate via L-shaped lateral approach versus internal fixation with percutaneous plate via a sinus tarsi approach for calcaneal fracturesA randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Surgery, 12(5), 475-480.

Just in Time, Toyota Production Systems and Lean Operations

The Just in Time (JIT), Toyota Productions System (TPS) and lean operations are some of the production systems used by different companies to improve operations and eliminate wastes.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Just in Time, Toyota Production Systems and Lean Operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Main Purpose of JIT, TPS and LEAN Operations Operations and production improvements are mainly carried out to eliminate wastes, remove variability and improve throughput. Eliminate wastes: Most of the production systems focus on waste reduction. The main types of wastes that should be reduced include overproduction, transportation, Queues, inventory, movement of people, over processing and production of defective products. Variability: variability refers to the deviation from the normal process. This results to production of products within the set limits. The main sources of variability include poor produ ction process, inaccurate and incomplete drawings and not understanding the customers demand. Throughput: this is the total time required to complete the production process. It is the time required to change raw materials to complete products. Just in Time Method The just in time principle entails the continuous improvement of the production process. JIT focus on reducing inventory and throughput. It is widely used to improve operations. The materials arrive where they are needed and when they are needed. This drives out wastes and delays, reduces variability, improves throughput and reduces cost associated with excess inventory. JIT aims at minimizing the distance between long production lines, improving employee communication, increasing flexibility and reducing space and inventory. JIT is also used to improve quality through the use of statistical process control, empowering employees, use of failsafe methods and providing immediate customer feedback.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Toyota Production System (TPS) This Toyota production system emphasizes on continuous improvement, respect for people and the use of standard work practices. Continuous improvement entails building an organizational culture and a value system that stresses the need for process improvement. Respect for people involves empowering employees and training them so as to make improvements. The use of standard work practices involves defining the works completely in terms of content, sequence, timing and outcome. Lean Operations Lean production focuses on the customer. The customer’s wants are indentified and used to improve the production process. The main lean production techniques include; The use of JIT to eliminate inventory Employee training Space reduction Educating suppliers and forming partnership with them Eliminating services that don’t add value Mutual Insurance Company of Iowa The main attributes that the claims processing department will have include There will be no unprocessed claims as claims arrive and they are immediately processed Improved communication Use of computers to process claims Reduction of distance and processes that the claims have to go through Reduction of unnecessary employees Reduction of activities that don’t add value The restructured cell layout for claim processing Figure 1: claims processing department layout Assumptions about personnel and equipment The workers have been trained on new data entry techniques There will be new computers and equipments to help process the claims fast Benefits of JIT to IOWA Company Reduce the time taken to process claims Ensure customers are satisfied with the company Reduce the number of legal suits the company faces Reduce the number of redundant employees Increase profits Reduce cost associated with handling unprocessed claims This case study on Just in Time, Toyota Production Systems and Lean Operations was written and submitted by user Hawkeye/Clint Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Play the Improv Game Surprise Guests

How to Play the Improv Game Surprise Guests Guess whos coming to dinner? The Surprise Guest improv game is played by four people, with the assistance of the rest of the audience in suggesting amusing identities for the guests. Three performers will act out the roles of guests and a Host will try to guess what those roles are. This improv game can be used as a light-hearted drama exercise or a theatrical party activity. It works well in a classroom situation. It can also be used as a party game if your social circle includes those who enjoy improv activities. The three guests and the Host get to exercise their improv skills while the audience can enjoy their antics. The game takes less than 10 minutes to set up and perform, making it a fun ice-breaker activity for a group or party. Set up for Surprise Guests One person volunteers to play the Host role.The Host leaves the room.Three performers serve as the Surprise Guests.Each Surprise Guest asks the audience, Who am I? The audience comes up with a role for each of them to play.As  with any improv game, encourage the audience to generate creative suggestions; the more outlandish the better. Examples Guest #1: An astronaut  with a severe fear of heightsGuest #2: An over-worked and surly elf from Santas toy shopGuest #3: A drunken Queen Elizabeth The Rules Once the Guests have been established, the Host returns and the improv game begins. First, the Host pantomimes getting ready for the party, then Guest #1 knocks on the door. The Host lets him/her inside and they begin to interact. A new Guest will arrive in about 60  seconds so that in a very quick amount of time the Host will be interacting with three different guest characters. The Host wants to figure out the identity of each Guest. However, this isnt just a guessing game. The Guests should offer discreet clues that become more and more obvious as the improv game continues. The main point of the activity is to generate humor and to develop quirky, unusual characters. Have fun! And remember, this and any other explanation of an improv game is just a blueprint. Feel free to add your own style to make it work best for your drama classroom, theater troupe, or improv party. Tips You may need to prompt the audience to get good suggested roles for the guests. Use the three suggestions so they understand that the guests need to have a strong emotional element to their character. The game wont be as fun if they are simply impersonating a celebrity or acting out a typical profession. The combinations should be a little surprising or out-of-character. This will give the guests the best cues to play with and points they can hit for jokes and humor. The purpose is to have fun rather than to stump the host, so the zanier the combinations, the better.

Assignment # 7 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

# 7 - Assignment Example b) The amount of profit generated by the company per dollar of sales: Net profit margin. It is profitability ratio. A company should have higher value for the ratio because it indicates high profitability. c) This ratio gives a measure of the number of days it takes a company to collect on sales that it sells on credit: Days sales outstanding. Efficiency/Asset Utilization ratio. A lower value for the ratio is favourable as a company collects cash faster from customers, it has good collection procedures. d) This ratio is used to determine how easily a company can pay interest expenses on outstanding debt: Times interest earned. It is a leverage ratio. A higher value for the ratio is favourable; the company has more cover for finance costs hence low business risk. e) This ratio specifies the number of days it takes for the company’s inventory to be converted to sales, either as cash or accounts receivable: Days in inventory. Efficiency/Asset Utilization ratio. A lower value for the ratio is more favourable as the company is converting its inventories into cash faster; hence the inventory is more liquid. f) This ratio indicates how profitable a company is over on accounting period (typically 12 months) without regard to how it is financed: Return on assets. Profitability ratio. A higher value for the ratio is required because it indicates that the company is more profitable. g) A ratio that further refines the liquidity by measuring the amount of the most liquid current assets there are to cover current liabilities: Acid test ratio. It is a liquidity ratio. A company should have higher value for the ratio to be able to meet its short term obligations with lots of ease. h) This ratio compares the amount of interest-bearing debt in a company’s capital structure to its total assets: Debt-to-total asset ratio (leverage ratio). A lower value for the ratio is required because it indicates less leverage and less risk. i) This ratio is a measure of